新疆天池移植鲤鱼效应的探讨

1971年7月15日，新疆昌吉州阜康县水产部门向天池水域首次移植鲤鱼、鲢鱼、鳙鱼夏花鱼种50万尾，1981年11月2日，自治区水产局从北京空运400尾4寸虹鳟鱼种投放天池，多年来对天池水域鱼类捕捞观察，发现移植鱼类中仅有鲤鱼生存并衍生。1989，1990年我们对天池水域进行了调查，本文旨在对天池中鲤鱼的生长进行评价，同时，对该水域渔业利用进行探讨。     

细胞外Ca2+和K8对鲤鱼脑垂体离体生长激素分泌的影响

采用脑垂体离体灌流孵育系统,研究细胞外 Ca~(2+)和 K~+对鲤鱼脑垂体基础的和鲑鱼促性腺激素释放激素(sGnRH)刺激的生长激素(GH)分泌的影响。离体灌流孵育的鲤鱼脑垂体基础 GH分泌和 sGnRH 刺激的 GH 分泌都是细胞外 Ca~(2+)依赖的,缺细胞外 Ca~(2+)存在时,基础 GR分泌显著下降,2分钟脉冲式 sGnRH 刺激的 GH 分泌反应接近消失。Ca~(2+)通道阻滞剂异搏定以剂量依存形式显著抑制基础的和2分钟脉冲式sGnRH 刺激的 GH 分泌,表明细胞外 Ca~(2+)的作用至少部分通过细胞膜电位敏感性 Ca~(2+)通道。50mM K~+显著刺激基础GH 分泌,并显著加强高剂量sGnRH 刺激的GH 分泌,且K~+的作用是细胞外 Ca~(2+)依赖的。     

转Bt-基因棉棉仁粉对鲤鱼毒性效应的评估

在进行转Ｂｔ－基因抗虫棉棉仁粉对鲤鱼营养学试验的基础上,纵贯喂养６周,在不同时期取鲤鱼血液,测定了血像、谷丙转氨酶、尿毒酶及血红细胞微核率这些反映毒性效应指标。并选取部分组织器官进行了组织病理学检查。对有关指标进行了统计学分析,各试验组和普通棉对照组之间均无显著性差异;鲤鱼肾、心脏、小肠及肝胰脏组织切片无明显病理性变化。由此表明转Ｂｔ－基因抗虫棉棉仁粉经脱酚处理后,对鲤鱼的毒性效应不明显。     

鲤鱼在双向脉冲电场中的反应及带电兜式拉网的设计

本文将难以捕捞的鲤鱼为主要研究对象,测定了鲤鱼在 x/4双向脉冲电场中的感电场强、电流阈值以及双极式线状电极的感电范围。采用电场与网具互补和紧密配合的技术路线,在兜式拉网底纲设置合理电场阻止鱼类钻纲,底纲加设网兜堵塞“抬纲”产生的逃鱼“漏洞”,较好地摸索了底层鱼的捕捞技术。面积0.67公顷圈养区3网鲤鱼捕获率为85～96％,10公顷圈养区5网捕获率为87％。与传统渔具渔法相比,提高鲤鱼单位网次捕获率10倍以上。     

Evaluation of minor carps intercropping in carp polyculture vis‐à‐vis other grow‐out cropping patterns of carp farming

One year grow‐out evaluation of four cropping patterns of carps, viz. control: single stock single harvest (SSSH); T‐1:intercrop of minor carps and Indian major carps (IMC); T‐2:single stock multiple harvests (SSMH); and T‐3:multiple stock multiple harvests (MSMH) was conducted in eight earthen ponds (0.09 ha each). Ponds were stocked with three IMCs (catla, rohu and mrigal) at 1:1:1 ratio at 10,000 fingerlings/ha combined density. T‐1 was additionally stocked with 10,000 fingerlings/ha of minor carps (Puntius gonionotus, Labeo fimbriatus and Puntius sarana), while T‐2 with additional 10,000 fingerlings/ha of the IMC. Periodic removal of partial biomass ensured prevalence of better water quality in treatments (higher water pH, higher dissolved oxygen and reduced inorganic nutrients). It helped to improve fish growth as average harvested weight of rohu and mrigal remained similar in treatments despite the presence of greater inter‐ and intraspecific competitions in intercrop and SSMH, respectively, and periodic stocking of younger juveniles in MSMH. Catla showed significantly higher growth in MSMH. The biomass yield in intercrop, SSMH and MSMH were 21%, 17% and 24% higher than SSSH, but the respective net incomes were 32.9, 21.3 and 56.5% higher. Partial harvest also helped reducing FCR in the order T‐3<T‐2<T‐1<control. While the study showed MSMH as the most productive cropping pattern for biomass yield, the intercrop of minor carps and IMCs proved to be the most water productive (gross and consumptive water use) cropping method to produce varied fish protein with higher biomass yield.     

低鱼粉日粮添加蛋氨酸对幼鲤生长的影响

以鱼粉10%的玉米大豆粕型幼鲤饲料为对照组(A),降低饲料鱼粉含量为5%后,分别添加不同水平的DL-蛋氨酸及其羟基类似物添加量分别为B:0.5%DL_蛋氨酸、C:0.514%蛋氨酸羟基类似物、D:0.564%蛋氨酸羟基类似物、E:0.614%蛋氮酸羟基类似物,比较研究用豆粕代替部分鱼粉,添加蛋氨酸及其羟基类似物对幼鲤的...     

混养锦鲤对微咸水凡纳滨对虾池水质及产量的影响

在6口面积均为0.4 hm2的微咸水池中养殖凡纳滨对虾,密度为7.5×105尾/hm2,其中4口混养锦鲤,密度分别为1500、3000、60001、2 000尾/hm2,研究混养锦鲤对凡纳滨对虾池水质及产量影响。结果表明:混养池水质比较稳定,透明度、NH4+-N和NO2--N波动幅度较小且数值较低,混养池对虾平均产量为3345 kg/hm2,比单养池平均产量2268 kg/hm2高47.5%,其中混养锦鲤3000尾/hm2的池虾产量最高,达到3765 kg/hm2。     

洞庭湖区香辣鲢鱼块加工工艺研究

洞庭湖区水产资源丰富，鲢鱼因其生长速度快、养殖要求低等特点在洞庭湖区大面积养殖。但目前深加工较少，深加工前景广阔。以低值的鲢鱼为原料，以感官品质和相关技术标准为指标，通过单因素试验、正交试验以及感官品评对香辣鲢鱼块加工工艺（如腌制、烘干等）进行优化，香辣鲢鱼加工技术对低值鲢鱼资源开发利用有着重要的意义。     

鲢鱼鱼鳞的脱钙工艺

研究了EDTA螯合脱除鲢鱼鱼鳞中钙离子的工艺条件。在单因素试验基础上,采用正交试验优化得到最优的脱钙工艺条件:鱼鳞与EDTA料液比1:30,EDTA溶液浓度0.17 mol/L,浸泡时间30 h;在该最优条件下,脱钙率为94.11%,表明EDTA脱钙效果良好,脱钙工艺条件切实可行。     

Density effects of silver carp Hypophthalmichthys molitrix and catla Catla catla on the production system in all‐male freshwater prawn–finfish polyculture ponds

The effects of three different combinations of silver carp Hypophthalmichthys molitrix and catla Catla catla density on the production system in all‐male freshwater prawn–finfish polyculture ponds were evaluated in triplicate. The stocking density of silver carp and catla, respectively, were maintained at 2000 and 500 ha^?1 in treatment SC₂₀₀₀C₅₀₀, 1500 and 1000 ha^?1 in treatment SC₁₅₀₀C₁₀₀₀ and 1000 and 1500 ha^?1 in treatment SC₁₀₀₀C₁₅₀₀. Male freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii and small fish mola Amblypharyngodon mola densities were fixed in all treatments at 12 000 and 20 000 ha^?1 respectively. Management practices were same for all treatments. Blue‐clawed male prawns were harvested twice during the 122‐day culture at 15‐day intervals before the final harvest. Plankton and macro‐benthos abundance and water quality parameters (except transparency and chlorophyll a) did not vary significantly (P>0.05) among treatments. Mean final weights of both silver carp and catla were decreased with the increasing of their own stocking density. The treatment SC₁₅₀₀C₁₀₀₀ resulted in 25–32% increased net production of silver carp plus catla (461 kg ha^?1) and 20–21% increased net production of all species combined (874 kg ha^?1) as compared with the other treatments, although the differences in production of prawn and mola among treatments were not significant.